Blockchain Technology is one of the emerging technology within Information Science and Technology and applied in process of the keeping the records on business including other transactions. Blockchain Technology is enhancing financial system and sector significantly. Blockchain initially was considered as a tool and then it has became started to treat as a technology and an advanced field of study as ‘Blockchain Technology’. Blockchain is only allowed to the registered members and offer the permission cattle immediate, shared and completely transparent information.

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Edge Computing is an advanced area and sub component of Information Technology and is closer with cloud computing in some contexts. Edge Computing is getting closely working with end device and end users by computational processing of sensor data. This kind of Edge Computing basically stays away from the centralized system or nodes. Edge Computing is responsible in doing activities very close to the logical edge of the network and also particular individual data sources. Edge Computing is mistakenly also treated as fog computing, though it is close but differs with attributes. Edge Computing lies on distributed IT network architecture, and uses mobile computing systems and practically produces data locally. In Edge Computing instead of forwarding data from the data centers toward decentralized systems for uses real-time processing. Therefore such kind of computing not only reduces bandwidth and also storage requirements. Edge Computing thus offers data sovereignty, autonomy, and effective data security. Implementing useful and effective Edge Computing seeks security and effective connectivity with physical maintenance. Edge Computing simply helps in transforming the traditional education system into a smart education system; apart from higher education systems it also empowers traditional Schools into Smart Schools. Emerging Information and Communication Technology especially Edge Computing and similar systems are fruitful in designing, developing, and managing digital education systems. This chapter discussed Digital Education systems, especially Edge Computing applications in higher education systems.

The COVID-19 period witnessed many difficulties that accompanied the educational process around the world, and caused paralysis of the educational process in several countries of the world, in addition to the inability of higher education institutions to provide several distance education programs such as medical programs, applied programs, and scientific programs. Part of this problem has been solved through the use of artificial intelligence AI techniques, the Internet of Things IoT, and other modern technologies. With the fading of interest in COVID-19 around the world at the beginning of 2022, and the beginning of the recovery phase, higher education institutions began to return to the traditional education mode, and the previous difficulties that were prevalent during the COVID-19 period faded away. Some higher education institutions continued to provide their educational programs through the distance education model, whether as a result of their operational conditions or because their main orientation is distance education. These institutions faced several difficulties associated with their teaching model in the post-pandemic phase. This paper discusses the most important problems facing distance education and the proposed problems.

e-Governance or Electronic Governance is the application of ICT or Information and Communication Technology for providing government services, interchange of statistics, communication proceedings, and integration of various independent systems and services. Government services are made available to citizens in a suitable, systematic, and transparent mode by the way of e-Governance. Electronic Governance is the best utilization of ICT. By the using of e-Governance people can get authorization through access the information. To enhance and upgrade the government functions, e-Governance uses information and communication technologies at different levels of the government and the public sector.   Generally, e-Governance is the process of change of the correlation of government with its components that is the people, the businesses, and its own parts, by the use of tools of information and communication technology. E-governance services make direct platform where people in the city receives the facilities and government services in online. Therefore, e-governance develop smart governance system to extent the smart city. Smart city encompassed with modern and innovative emerging technologies in each sphere. Inhabitants get modern sophisticated facilities in smart city. This paper gives the information about the uses of advanced Information Technology (IT) in e-Governance for smart city advancement.

Connections between splint stuffiness and factory conditions have been studied for centuries. The progress and threat of numerous bacterial, fungal, and oomycete conditions on a variety of crops have been linked to the presence of free water on leafage and fruit under temperatures favorable to infection. Whereas the rate parameters for infection or epidemic models have constantly been linked with temperature during the wet ages, splint stuffiness ages of specific time duration are necessary for the propagule germination of utmost phytopathogenic fungi and for their penetration of factory napkins. Using these types of connections, complaint-advising systems were developed and are now being used by farmer communities for a variety of crops. As an element of Integrated Pest Management, complaint-warning systems give farmers information regarding the optimum timing for chemical or natural operation practices grounded on rainfall variables most suitable for pathogen disbandment or host infection. The need for largely accurate splint stuffiness duration data remains precedence to achieve the most effective complaint operation. To prognosticate splint stuffiness, several biases have been used, where the design and perpetration have changed with time, with no extensively accepted standard[4]. These days, electronic splint stuffiness detectors are used where the circuit is depicted in the form of an artificial splint placed within the foliage and is able of measuring the splint stuffiness through a change in impedance due to the drop of water over the splint face. The total electronic circuit depends on the charge transfer of the capacitive seeing process through the artificial emulation of the leaves. But the stuffiness of the splint stuffiness detector gives confusing results. The confusion substantially revolves around the idea that whether the dimension of splint stuffiness duration is that of a splint, cover, or complete foliage. The offer of the “Estimation of LWD” algorithm helps in calculating the splint stuffiness by using relative moisture and temperature as a metric without the intervention of any kind of detectors curtails the nebulosity in dimension. The factual vapor pressure and achromatism vapor pressure help in generating the relative moisture of that area, and grounded on that, splint stuffiness hour is calculated, reflective of the presence of pathogens in the separate area. However, pathogen dissipation is verified, followed by infection spreading,

In modern time, Information is most important and valuable part of everything. Therefore Information is required in different areas, sectors, industries and so on. Proper Management techniques and technologies are applicable in healthy and improved Information practice. Information Management plays an important role in Information Infrastructure Management. Information is rising rapidly, hence proper mechanism is highly solicited for the timely changes in Information Systems. Here healthy Information Infrastructure (II) may be considered as good alternative in respect of IT Infrastructure as II considered as broad concept with larger periphery for manual information management. Information Infrastructure is dealing with technological and manual stakeholders and primarily consists with the Networking, Database, Web related and Multimedia Infrastructure for the healthy ICT Infrastructure Management. The emerging technologies viz. Cloud Computing, Big Data, HCI Based Systems, Robotics and so on, are also useful in proper, healthy and developed Information Infrastructure building. This is a scientific documentation with reference to review of literature on the topic of Information Infrastructure with the basics of evolution, basic meanings, stakeholders and so on. It also depicts the Information Infrastructure with technological aspect.

Within a very few years, Information and Communication Technology (ICT) has turned out to be an effective educational technology which promotes some dramatic changes in teaching and learning processes. Technologies allow students to work more productively than in the past, but the teacher’s role in technology rich classrooms is more demanding than ever. ICT has the potential to transform the nature of education (improving teachers’ design work, enhancing the roles of students and teachers in the learning process and helping to create a collaborative learning environment, etc). Although ICT has the potential to improve the educational system to a great extent. The focus of this paper is to examine the improvement of ICT in higher education in India. The emergence of ICT has fundamentally changed the practices of not only business and governance but education as well. While the world is moving rapidly towards media, the role of ICT in education has become increasingly important. There has been an unprecedented growth in the use of ICTs in teaching, research and extension activities. The sudden boom in Information Technology has transformed the way how knowledge is disseminated today. One of the changes it has brought about is the way how teachers interact and communicate with the students and vice-versa. Given the fact that higher education in India is plagued by the challenges of inadequate technology access and inequity coupled with economic considerations and technological know-how, it remains to be seen how Information and Communication Technology can actually burgeon the students and how it can foster change in this aspect. Changes in the economic and social fundamentals call for transformation in the skills, capabilities and attitudes of the masses. This requires a shift in the delivery and pedagogy used in the current education system. The purpose of this paper is to promote integration of Information and Communication technologies (ICT) in higher education for imparting easily accessible, affordable and quality higher education leading to the economic upliftment of India. Moreover, this paper explores the emancipatory and transformative potentials of ICT in higher education in India.