Year: 2023 | Month: June | Volume 10 | Issue 1

Oral Microbiome: Development, Composition and Diseases

Khyati Harkhani Bhakti Marakna Devanshi Patel Dhrutin Bamaniya Anish Kumar Sharma
DOI:10.30954/2347-9655.01.2023.6

Abstract :

The mouth cavity protects around 700 types of microorganisms. It harbors bacteria, fungus, viruses, and protozoa. Microbes colonize the teeth and oral mucosa of the mouth, creating a complex ecosystem. The oral microbiota begins digestion and maintains oral and systemic health. Untreated dental caries is the most frequent illness worldwide, while simple periodontitis is the sixth. Bacteria from the mouth are increasingly linked to systemic illnesses. Poor oral hygiene, dental operations, periodontitis, and improper tooth brushing can induce bacteremia, which can lead to infective endocarditis. Systemic disorders and therapies can reduce salivary flow and disrupt the oral flora, impacting dental health. Dental and medical researchers are beginning to exchange knowledge about human disease’s etiology and pathogenicity and the makeup and metabolic activities of the oral microbiome.

Highlights

  • The oral microbiota is an active and complex ecology.
  • A core microbiome and a variable microbiome exist in humans.
  • Oral Cavity harbours multiple microbial niches which are affected by environmental factors such as pH, oxygen levels, and nutrition availability.
  • Researchers have shared their findings on the oral microbiome’s role in the aetiology and pathogenesis of human illness.
  • Metagenomic studies can lead to the advancement of therapeutic and diagnostic procedures, as well as create personalized dental medicine.


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